1 Corinthians 7:38
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
1 Corinthians 7:38
38 So then he that giveth her in marriage doeth well; but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better.
Chapter Context
1 Corinthians 7 is a pastoral epistle chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of sacrifice, righteousness, holiness. Written during Paul's third missionary journey (c. 55 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: The church existed in a prosperous, cosmopolitan, morally permissive Roman colony.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-40: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it foreshadows Christ's work through typology and prophetic elements. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within 1 Corinthians and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
1 Corinthians 7:38
38 So then he that giveth her in marriage doeth well; but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better.
Analysis
So then he that giveth her in marriage doeth well—the verb gamizōn (γαμίζων, "giving in marriage") confirms Paul is addressing fathers arranging daughters' marriages. Kalōs poiei (καλῶς ποιεῖ, "does well") affirms marriage as good. Paul has consistently maintained marriage's legitimacy (vv. 2, 28, 36); his preference for singleness does not diminish marriage's honor.
However, but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better (ho mē gamizōn kreisson poiei, ὁ μὴ γαμίζων κρεῖσσον ποιεῖ). The comparative kreisson ("better") indicates relative advantage, not moral superiority. Given the "present distress" (v. 26) and advantages of undivided devotion (vv. 32-35), singleness is "better" in a practical sense.
Paul's careful language protects both callings: marriage is "well" (kalōs), singleness is "better" (kreisson). This reflects the chapter's consistent message: both are good, both are gifts (v. 7), but singleness offers practical advantages for ministry. The choice depends on gifting, circumstances, and calling—not moral ranking.
Historical Context
Paul's comparative language ("better") was sometimes misinterpreted by later ascetic movements as establishing hierarchy between celibacy and marriage. However, Paul's context (urgent times, ministry focus) shows he means practical advantage, not moral superiority. Both callings glorify God when lived according to gifting.
Reflection
- How does Paul's language of "well" versus "better" prevent hierarchy while acknowledging practical differences?
- In what circumstances today might singleness be "better" for focused ministry?
- How can the church honor both callings without elevating one as morally superior?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: 1 Corinthians 7:8, 7:37, Hebrews 13:4